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HOSPITAL ARRANGEMENTS.

PICKETT’S DIVISION IN TRENCHES,
July 16th, 1864

TO THE EDITOR OF THE EXAMINER:

Prolifick as are correspondents from the army in their communications, it is astonishing that the hospital arrangements for the sick and wounded rarely receive even a passing notice.  Charges and repulses; expected movements and vague speculations; manufactured or confused rumours, scarcely more reliable; exaggerated accounts of “our division,” or “our brigade,” or “our General, Colonel or Captain” can be read in “army correspondence” with as little difficulty as pig tracks COULD have been found in the lanes of the Virginia Valley.  But how the sick soldier, whose physical energies have yielded to disease or exhaustion, is treated; where he is removed; what comforts or discomforts he is subjected to, or how the wounded are cared for, seems a sealed book, which no one feels sufficient interest in to inform the publick about.  I cannot help thinking that, even at this exciting time, when all thoughts are directed to Maryland, there are still among your readers numbers to whom information of this character will be more than acceptable.  I shall, therefore, send you the how and where of the operations in this division.

The Medical Department is under the charge of surgeons and assistant surgeons, with such subordinates as may be deemed necessary—the surgeon ranking as major and the assistant surgeon as captain, and receiving pay as such.  At present, when the enemy may attack at any moment, a division hospital has been established some three miles in rear of our lines, and houses rented or impressed, I know not which, for the accommodation of those requiring medical attention.  The surgeons are located here, while the assistant surgeons remain with their regiments, to whom those complaining report, and who either send them for treatment to the division hospital—where the case requires it—excuse them from duty, where the disease is slight—or report them back for duty where they think sickness feigned.  It is thus seen that considerable and discriminating responsibility rests upon the assistant surgeons.  Carelessness or incompetency on their part may keep a good soldier in the hot trenches until a long spell is fastened upon him, or, still more melancholy, he becomes too far gone for remedies.  I do not believe, however, that such cases are by any means common, but, on the contrary, look upon them as exceedingly rare and exceptional.  The arrangements at the division hospital are under charge of the seniour surgeon in the division, Dr. Lewis, and from what I have observed and heard, I regard as good as could have probably been made under the circumstances.  The surgeons under his control cordially co-operate with him in alleviating the sufferings of the inmates.  It is usual to abuse doctors all over the world.  It is perfectly natural that every sick or suffering man should rail against the doctor who cannot relieve him, or who does not relieve him within the time he thinks he ought to be relieved.  Complaints of hospital arrangements are consequently not unfrequently unreasonable, and ANATHEMAS upon surgeons upon insufficient grounds.  My experience is that, as a general thing, these denounced officials are attentive to their duties, and discharge them faithfully and with as much sympathy as familiarity with suffering is likely to leave either with surgeon or any member of an army, where death and sickness is disrobed of its natural appeals by reason of its daily occurrence and constant existence.

The wounded—to continue the course of proceeding—are almost invariably sent to Richmond, unless the wound is very slight, where, if their homes be accessible, they are expected to be furloughed.  I believe that at present, the same rule is applied to the sick, whose recovery is likely to be protracted.

The most important REAL impediment in our medical departments is found in the scarcity of certain medicines really essential—such as a good article of Opium, Blue Mass, Dover’s powders, Sulphur, & c.  There is also a great demand for surgical instruments, especially pocket cases, which I learn, cannot be procured at all.  The importance of these latter, in case of wounded, cannot be overrated.  The want of them has not only caused much unnecessary suffering, but worse still, caused the death of many as brave a patriot as any that fell at Thermopylae, or perished upon the scaffold.  This state of things subjects the Government and the head of the Medical Department to just censure for it can easily be remedied.  We boast, from President Davis down to the six-by-ten village editor, or Cross roads collector of tithes, that the blockade is ineffectual.  We do ACTUALLY import the costliest articles of luxury from Europe, and yet surgical instruments and medicines are, it seems, unprocurable.  The Government can get these necessaries.  The neglect to procure them is absolutely criminal, and the failure to do so is an offence in degree and character compared to which attachment to favourites or squeamish clemency in regard to retaliation becomes excusable.  It is impossible to develop in full the callous heartlessness and palpable heinousness of this singular neglect, without using language perhaps too strong.

We have no rumours except such as you will doubtless receive from other and better informed sources.  Pickett’s division is panting to be sent to the North.  The old members feel that beneath the soil of Gettysburg heights moulder the bones of many an olden comrade, whose shadowy forms beckon them back and call for revenge.  The lapse of a few days will lift the veil.  To wait developments in Maryland and orders here is all, however, we can do.                             A PRIVATE.1

SOPO Editor’s Note: This article was transcribed by Jackie Martin.

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18640719RichmondExaminerP1C3to4HospPickettsDiv

Sources/Notes:

  1. “Hospital Arrangements.” Richmond Examiner. July 19, 1864, p. 1 col. 3-4
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THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG.

Operations of Saturday – Affairs Progressing Favorably – The Situation – Nearing the City – Details of the Assault by the Third Division of the Ninth Corps – Terrible Fighting in the Rifle-pits – The Enemy Driven from Every Line – The Casualties.

Special Correspondence of the Inquirer.

Before Petersburg,
Saturday June 18, 10 P. M.

Reviewing the operations of to-day [June 18, 1864], I may safely write that affairs are progressing favorably.  Standing on the heights occupied by the Rebel line of fortifications captured by the Eighteenth Corps on the evening of the 15th [of June 1864], I could distinctly see the extreme right of our front line of battle resting on the Appomattox River, not more than a half a mile from Petersburg.  This was near sunset tonight.  From the point where I stood, a broad, flat plain extends towards the Appomattox on the right, and towards Petersburg in front, and looking across these flats to the right of the line, at a distance more than two miles, it appears close to the suburbs of the city.

It has swung around since early this morning a distance of two and a half miles, and is now that nearer Petersburg.  This morning the front of the right wing ran obliquely to the river, and then extended two divisions covering more than two miles of ground, but in sweeping up the river its length has been shortened one-half. On the left we have been equally successful, for although there has not been so great an advance there as on the extreme right, the movement was less of the nature of swinging on a pivot, and the average distance gained is nearly equal.  At all events we have gained on the left not less than a mile since four AM and this gain was sufficient to throw our line across the Petersburg and Norfolk Railroad.  This places us in possession of two of the several branches that diverge east, southeast, south and southwest from Petersburg.

The next is the Petersburg and Roanoke Railroad [sic, the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad], the main artery of the Rebel Confederacy, and the only direct line of communication between Richmond and the seaboard and Gulf States.  It is on this that the strategic value of Petersburg mainly depends.1  The centre has not advanced so far beyond its former position as the two wings, but up to last night it was considerably nearer Petersburg than the right or left, and a greater advance of the two latter portions of our lines was necessary.  On an average our present position is probably a mile in advance of the one held this morning.  This advance has been made without any very severe fighting.  The way had been paved for it by the assaults of yesterday, in which the enemy had lost portions of their lines of entrenchments.

In my last I mentioned the assault by the Third Division of the Ninth Corps, at three PM yesterday [June 17, 1864], which was unsuccessful.  The charge was made on the line of breastworks opposite our left, and running across a cornfield front of and parallel with a track of pine woods.  The Third Division advanced from their own position across a ravine running parallel with the breastworks, and over the crest of its further declivity into the open fields before the works.  Then, under a heavy fire, they advanced across the field nearly to the rifle-pits before them, but their having to cross a slight hollow, which afforded shelter from the shower of bullets that had been pelting them, they stopped and did not advance further.  At six PM General Ledlie’s division of the First Corps [sic, Ledlie’s First Division of the Ninth Corps, or 1/IX/AotP] was ordered to renew the attempt.

General Ledlie formed his attacking column under cover of the ravine above mentioned, in three lines, the First Brigade [1/1/IX/AotP], Colonel [Jacob P.] Gould, Second Brigade [2/1/IX/AotP], Colonel [Ebenezer W.] Pierce [sic, Peirce] and Third Brigade [3/1/IX/AotP], Colonel [Elisha G.] Marshall,  succeeding each other in the order named.  Reaching the open field at the top of the slope, and emerging, they started on a run for the entrenchments, with fixed bayonets, and without stopping to fire a gun. Two batteries to the left, and one to the right, poured a heavy fire of grape and canister into them as they advanced, while another was firing at extremely short range directly in front, combined with musketry.  It was a terrible tempest of deadly missiles to pass through, and many a good man fell on the way, but the work was nevertheless accomplished in gallant style.

The enemy displayed the utmost pertinacity, and in the rifle-pits the fight was waged hand to hand, and large numbers of dead.  Rebels were left in them mingled with our own men. After being driven from the main line, the enemy rallied at the second and smaller line, not more than one hundred yards in the rear, from which they were also driven, but, rallying, again retook them, but again were compelled to retreat.  Still they returned to the charge four several times, rushing from the woods in our front with a degree of determination that seemed inexhaustible, and after dark, when the firing had somewhat subsided, their skirmishers crawled forward and scooped out, in the light sand soil, their little rifle-pits, as close as possible to our lines.  During the night [of June 17-18, 1864], however, they withdrew to a position further back.

The Second Maine Battery, Captain [Albert F.] Thomas, and Fourteenth Massachusetts [Battery], Captain [Joseph W. B.] Wright, posted in the rear of the ravine above mentioned, did splendid service in this assault.  A cannon belonging to the Rebel battery in front was blown up by one of their shells.  The woods just in its rear bore evidence of tremendous shelling, and on the space where the fire had been concentrated, a considerable number of dead were found, killed by shot and shell.  On this space I was shown a remarkable spectacle.  At a distance of two or three rods apart, and in line with each other, were three dead Rebels, each killed in precisely the same way, the top of the skull being taken completely off and the brains of each lying near him.  From their relative positions it seems that all three had been killed by the same round shot.

The severity of the fighting in this assault is attested by the losses sustained, which are estimated at nearly one thousand.  Major [Job C.] Hedges, of the Fourteenth New York Heavy Artillery, was killed while leading his men in a charge.  Colonel Marshall, of the same regiment [but leading 3/1/IX/AotP], received a contusion of the thigh.  Lieutenant McKinney, Fourth United States Infantry, A[ide] D[e] C[amp] to General Ledlie, was wounded in the neck.  That the Rebels suffered severely was evident from the number of dead left on the ground.  In the entrenchments they lay, in some places, three or four deep, while the ground between the entrenchments and the woods was thickly strewn with them.  Muskets lay scattered around by scores, and the evidence of the hot work that had taken place were visible everywhere.

Besides their losses in killed and wounded, the enemy left in our hands, at this point, a considerable number of prisoners and one stand of colors, captured by Ledlie’s division.  Those portions of the Rebel lines continuous with the section whose capture is above narrated, and not already in our hands, were occupied by us in the first advance this morning [June 18, 1864] at four AM, on the broad flats near the Appomattox, on the right of the Second division of the Sixth corps [2/VI/AotP], and even Martingdale’s [Second] division of the Eighteenth Corps [2/XVIII/AotJ] gained the Rebel line of works in their front in the first charge.

At this part of the line our further advance was delayed for some time by the Rebel sharp-shooters, who occupied a house near by, and whose fire was especially troublesome.  Battery H, First Ohio, Captain [Stephen W.] Dorsey, getting the range of the house, quickly dislodged them.  Three successive advances were made during the day [of June 18, 1864] along the whole line, to a greater or less extent, the first occurring at four AM, the second at noon, and the last between three and four PM, each succeeding with but little difficulty except the afternoon attack by portions of the Second Corps in the centre or right centre, where the enemy showed a more spirited resistance, and inflicted on us a partial repulse.  The fact is, there has been no very severe fighting on any part of the line to-day, and our advantages have been gained at comparatively small cost.

It is evident that a deep game of strategy is being played by the commanders of the opposing armies, in which, of course, the object of each is to learn as much as possible of the designs and dispositions of the other while keeping his own concealed; and under such circumstances too much care cannot be exercised to guard against improper disclosures.

Among the casualties of the day [June 18, 1864] are Colonel [Joshua L.] Chamberlain, commanding the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps [1/1/V/AotP], wounded.

It appears to be the opinion now that only a portion of Lee’s force is opposed to us here, and it is apprehended that he will concentrate against Butler at Bermuda Hundred.  No uneasiness, however, is felt on this score, as we prepared at that point for any attack that may be made.  I refrain from giving any statement of our forces at this point, or even the exact formation of our line of battle, as in the present peculiar state of affairs the publication of this information would be injurious.

Additional List of Casualties Before Petersburg and in Hospital at City Point.

Wounded

Lieut G C Patterson, Co. E, 165 Pa

Lieut J Eagan, 65 Pa

Col Ramsay, comd’g Fourth Brigade, Second Division

J Guyen, D, 73 Pa

A Elston, A 73 Pa

D U Spitzer, E, 184 Pa

J Welsh, G, 69 Pa

N J Richardson, I, 69 Pa

L Fozzelt, A, 106 Pa

J Hanson, F, 71 Pa

J T Smith, A, 7 NJ

J Calhoun, A, 7 NJ

Corp B Reese, A, 7 NJ

J Vanderhoff, C, 7 NJ

G Felmley, C, 7 NJ

T A Mathews, C, 7 NJ

S Lyon, C, 7 NJ

J Marshall, C , 7 NJ

D K Rockefeller, E, 6 NJ

P J Doremus, G, 7 NJ

M Gilmore, 7 NJ

W Smith, H, 7 NJ

P Kelly, K, 7 NJ

S B Hale, K, 7 NJ

W E Loper, K, 7 NJ

T McKnight, K, 7 NJ

P Kane, K, 6 NJ

N Clarkson, I, 11 NJ

J Jones, C, 11 NJ

W Winton, E, 11 NJ

Keeve, D, 11 NJ

A Kibler, B, 11 NJ

C Boker, I, 11 NJ

Serg McAllister, B, 11 NJ

J Conley, C, 11 NJ

C Brant, E, 11 NJ

E Robinson, I, 11 NJ

J Marshall, K, 11 NJ

TJ Thompson, I, 11 NJ

G tone, F, 11 NJ

J Dunn, F, 11 NJ

J Whiter, C, 11 NJ

J Winshauser, Co H, 68 Pa

M Carbough, B, 69 Pa

A P Stark, 163 Pa

Sergt Gilbert, C, 71 Pa

J S Smith, C, 184 Pa

J Regan, E, 48 Pa

H H Harper, F, 184 Pa

E W McCormick, K, 71 Pa

J Kagan, B, 48 Pa

L Bell, B, 71 Pa

G A Hendricks, A, 53 Pa

E Vreeland, A, 7 NJ

D Armack, K, 7 NJ

– Halsey, K, 7 NJ

W Eddy, D, 7 NJ

G Pultz, H, 7 NJ

W Foster I, 5 NJ

H Newell, I, 11 NJ

M Southard, H, 11 NJ

P Conila, G, 11 NJ

S Stevens, D, 11 NJ

Snyder, A, 11 NJ

W Lindsey, I, 11 NJ

P Ball, D, 11 NJ

P Marcell, D, 11 NJ

W Jackson, D, 11 NJ

R Nelson, D, 11 NJ

J Reynolds, C, 11 NJ

J Brannan, E, 11 NJ

G Holloway, G, 11 NJ

H Mulcahy, D, 11 NJ

K Nelson, D, 11 NJ

M Lewis, F, 11 NJ

W Woodward, G, 11 NJ

P Donelly, B, 11 NJ

M Nelzebeshet, B, 11 NJ

Lt C H Masury, H, 1 Mass Artillery

D McAllister, B, 11 NJ

J Donnelly, H, 11 NJ

O Evans, C, 8 NJ

R J Ritman, B, 8 NJ

J Negaly, B, 8 NJ

C S Engtel, B, 8 NJ

 

Killed

 

Capt Hinckman, H, 1 Del

J G Stayek, B, 184 Pa

Sergt Williams, H, 69 Pa

Fleming, H, 11 NJ

Freeman, G, 11 NJ

Capt M Mulvery, I, 7 NJ

Corp J Boers, K, 7 NJ

Sergt Bates, D, 7 NJ

A H Pierson, K, 7 NJ

J Barry, G, 11 NJ

D Adriance, K, 11 NJ

Capt Layton, D, 11 NJ

T Twiggs, D, 11 NJ

T Babcock, I, 11 NJ2

SOPO Editor’s Note: This article was transcribed by Mike Czaikowski.

If you are interested in helping us transcribe newspaper articles like the one above, please CONTACT US.

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18640621PhiladelphiaInquirerP1C1to3SiegeOfPetersburg

Sources/Notes:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: Grant’s Second, Third, and Fourth Offensives would be mostly or partly concerned with seizing this railroad, and it was seized successfully in late August 1864.
  2. “The Siege of Petersburg.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), June 21, 1864, p. 1, col. 1-3
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SOPO Editor’s Note: Captain Henry F. Young of the 7th Wisconsin wrote twenty letters while at the Siege of Petersburg from June to December 1864. Researcher Roy Gustrowsky transcribed this letter from the original at the Wisconsin Historical Society in Madison, Wisconsin.  He is currently in the process of writing a regimental history of the 7th Wisconsin. “Delia” was Henry F. Young’s wife, and “Father” was his Father-in-Law Jared Warner, a prominent businessman of Grant County, Wisconsin. Gustrowsky has magnanimously made these transcriptions available to the Siege of Petersburg Online for publication, and we thank him for his generosity.

UPDATE: I recently learned that a new book has been published by the University of Wisconsin Press, entitled Dear Delia: The Civil War Letters of Captain Henry F. Young, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry, and edited by Micheal Larson and John David Smith. If you want to read all of Henry’s letters throughout the war, purchase the book!

Camp 7th Wis[consin] Vet[eran] Vol[unteer]s
Near Weldon R Road Va
Oct 22 1864

Dear Delia

Here am I the most disappointed man you ever Saw just because I received no letter this Morning; neither have I received any Since my last and I set myself down to bore you with a letter with as little news in it as possible just to pay you for neglecting Me; Now old Girl how do you like that for a commencement. Next in order it is a cold raw Morning and My fire which is in front of My tent Smokes without any considerations for My comfort. Next in order Capt [George S.] Hoyt my bedfellow is on picket and I had to divide our Scant bedding with him so that I Devilish near froze last night. And every time I waked up cold My Mind would wander off to Wisconsin to where I had a good bed and a bedfellow that dont go on picket.

Sherradin has had another PeaceConvention with the Rebs in the Valley in which he has as usual used verry convincing Arguments, he has nearly ruined the Democratic Party1; Little Mc poor fellow puts Me in Mind of the Ladys little dog. She used to take him in her lap and pat him “Oh you are a nice little dog a pretty little dog, but you can never be a big dog.” I Still think that the Election of Lincoln unless our Genls Make Some blunder will crush the Spirit of the South. The other evening on our picket line our boys Hurrahed for Lincoln, the Rebs took it up and cheered for McClellan, and from cheering they got to abusing each other quite lively and from that to Picket firing and from that to Artillery and Morter firing. I heard a Soldier that was out on the line swear that he yet believed Mc a true and Loyal Man, and he had intended to vote for him; but Said he Ill be d–d if I vote for any Man the Rebs will vote for.

Genls Grant and Mead were here Skylarking round yesterday the boys think they can See a fight a head within the next few days, but I dont look for much fighting until Sherradins forces return from the Valley.2 The boys of the Co are in good health and good Spirits.

Chaplain [Samuel W.] Eaton has just returned from a Visit home, Eaton takes a lively interest in Polatics & War and by the way is the Most Popular Chaplain I know of in the Army.

Lieut Col [Mark] Finnicum was Severely bruised by being thrown from his horse, he is in the Hospital and is improving.

I wrote to your Father three weeks ago & Sent him a Draft for $200. I would like to pull his Whiskers untill he answers it.

My love to all

Ever Yours
Henry3

***

Letters of Henry W. Young:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: Young is, for the second day and second letter in a row, almost certainly referring to Sheridan snatching victory from the jaws of defeat at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864.
  2. SOPO Editor’s Note: The boys were right and Henry was wrong.  Just a few days after this letter, the Battle of Boydton Plank Road and the Second Battle of Fair Oaks would be fought on opposite ends of the line on October 27, 1864.
  3. Young, Henry F. “Camp 7th Wis Vet Vols.” Received by Dear Delia, Near Weldon R Road Va, 22 October 1864, Petersburg, VA.
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LOCAL MATTERS.

“SHAK[E]SPEARE ON A RAID”—One of the most amusing instances of the war occurred in this city on Thursday last, during the excitement consequent upon the sudden attack of the enemy under Kautz and Speare on Petersburg [on June 9, 1864]. The spirit of the immortal Shak[e]speare, could it have witnessed the scene would have smiled at its very ludicrousness. Our informant was standing near the foot of Sycamore street, calmly conversing about the affairs of the hour, when a neatly dressed and intelligent, but much startled countryman came rushing by, evidently laboring under the strongest excitement. Astonished, no doubt, at the strange calmness of the two gentlemen in conversation, he stopped abruptly and asked with great tremulousness of voice:

“Have you heard the news?”

“No, sir—what is it?” answered one of them, thinking something really new had “turned op.”

“Why, sir,” said the countryman, becoming still more excited, “SHAK[E]SPEARE is on a grand raid around Petersburg, and is now near Butterworth’s bridge.”

Never having heard of a Shak[e]speare in the Yankee army, our informant requested a repetition of the countryman’s intelligence, who to make his statement more convincing, replied: “That as he was coming down Halifax street a little while before, he was overtaken by two cavalrymen, who told him that Shak[e]speare was on a raid, and was then in the vicinity of Butterworth’s bridge.” The countryman added: “You may believe it or not as you please, but I tell you the truth,” and then went his way.

Our informant then remembered that the notorious Speare [Samuel P. Spear of the 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry] was trying to enter the city, and thinking the countryman had mistaken his name for that of Shak[e]speare, laughed heartily at the error.

We would add, however, in closing, that should any of the rebel boys ever have an opportunity, we hope they will shak[e]-Speare until there is not a whole bone left in his vile body.1

—–

[SOPO Editor’s Note: a portion of this article not pertaining to the Siege of Petersburg has been omitted.]

LOSSES OF THE MILITIA—It is well known that the camp of a portion of our gallant militia was captured, rifled and destroyed by the Yankees during the fight of Thursday last [June 9, 1864]. Many of the men lost everything they had there, and are now suffering for the want of them. Their tents were destroyed, and their blankets and other articles of comfort were stolen while they were fighting for the defence of the city. Upon a goodly number of these men this loss falls heavy. They are unable to purchase blankets to keep them comfortable, and even if they had the money, they could not find them to purchase. In their behalf, therefore, we take the liberty of appealing to a generous public, whose property they so largely aided in protecting, to contribute some of their spare blankets and comforts. This is a relief in which the community should take a great pride in contributing to, and we doubt not that the simple mention of the circumstances is sufficient to bring in many donations.

Blankets or comforts sent to this office will be promptly forwarded.

—–

STOLEN BACON RECOVERED.—We understand that the valiant raiders under Kautz and Speare, during their rapid flight from the fortifications of this city on Thursday last [June 9, 1864], dropped a large number of fine hams along the road. A portion of our forces who pursued them, picked up a plump ham here and there, which had fallen to the ground. This bacon was Virginia cured, and was undoubtedly stolen from the farms these vandals and thieves had visited. Pity but what they could be caught and indicted for larceny. But then there are so many rogues in the Yankee army, that even the small number we capture would overrun all the jails and penitentiaries in the South.

Bacon, however, was not the only thing these routed Yankees dropped. Canteens, blankets, oil cloths, etc. were found scattered here and there for miles along the road.

—–

THE YANKEE OBSERVATORY.—It is well known that the Yankees on the Bermuda Hundred Peninsula have erected an elevated observatory, which commands a view of the country around, and even of the city of Petersburg itself. This look out has reached the height of over 100 feet, and towers above the trees around it. It is situated on Cobb’s farm, in Chesterfield county, and can be distinctly seen with the naked eye from our Courthouse and the surrounding hills. With the aid of a small glass, the sentinels are plainly visible. This observatory is erected of scantling, and is not yet finished. From its top the Yankees seek to pry into all of our movements. Two or three days since [approximately June 11 or 12, 1864] a piece of artillery was placed in position to play upon it, and we understand, succeeded in striking it once or twice, but before much damage could be done, the enemy’s batteries compelled its removal.

—–

THE DAILY PRAYER MEETINGS.—We advise all the devout, and praying people of the city, to attend the Daily Afternoon Prayer Meetings. The meeting this afternoon will be held at the Baptist Church on Washington street. All the congregations in the city should be united, and let prayer, earnest, fervent, believing, be offered, that God may make this the last campaign of the war; that he may deliver us from our foes, and give us peace with independence.

Petersburg has been twice mercifully delivered from the attacks of the enemy, and now let the Christians meet and gratefully praise the Author of all Good for his mercies. The meetings assemble alternately at the three Protestant Churches, on Washington street, at half past 5, p. m.

—–

MORE PRISONERS.—Two more Yankee prisoners, captured by our forces in Prince George county, beyond our breastworks, were brought to Petersburg yesterday [June 13, 1864], and lodged in the guard home.

—–

EVIDENCES OF [?]

The Yankees have been recently amusing themselves by throwing fifteen-inch shell from their gunboats in James River across our lines in Chesterfield County.—Seven of these huge monsters which were found unexploded by some of our men, were gathered together and brought into this city yesterday, and exposed to view at the Ordnance Store on Old street, where they attracted much attention. They are 15 inches in diameter, and are charged with forty pounds of powder. The weight of the shell alone is about 426 pounds, and the thickness of the metal is about five inches. They are so large that they can plainly be seen flying through the air, and are so easily do[d]ged that they prove much more harmless than the minnie ball. If the Yankees continue to throw them inside of our lines, we shall soon have enough iron to enclose half a dozen gunboats. The shells, however, afford a striking illustration of the Christianized Warfare the Yankees are waging against us.

—–

ARREST OF A MURDERER—We learned at a late hour last night, that Captain Donnan, of the Petersburg Night Police, succeeded yesterday in effecting the arrest of the soldier, who murdered Jesse F. Howell, at Maria Banks’ Mount Vernon establishment, on Saturday night last [June 11, 1864], full particulars of which were given in yesterday’s Express. The name of the murderer is _______ [John] Cato[n?]2, and he is a member of Company F, 59th Virginia Regiment Wise’s Brigade.

—–

INFORMATION WANTED—Any information of Mr. Warren Russell, formerly engaged in the shoe business in this city, who took part in the fight around Petersburg on Thursday last [June 9, 1864], and who has not since been heard from, will be thankfully received by his deeply afflicted family.3

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18640614PetersburgVAExpressP2C4to5LocalMatters

Source:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: Samuel Spear and his 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry had been in this vicinity for quite some time before the Siege of Petersburg.  He and his men must have gone on several raids during that time, because by mid-June 1864 the Petersburg papers often refer to Spear in the manner shown here.  If anyone has details on what Spear did to get the Petersburg Express so riled up, please Contact Us.
  2. SOPO Editor’s Note: I want to be careful here and add a comment.  I do not want to indict an innocent man, but the only person in the entire Compiled Service Records of the 59th Virginia whose name is remotely close to Cato, is John Caton, and he was indeed a member of Company F.
  3. “Local Matters.” The Daily Express (Petersburg, VA). June 14, 1864, p. 2 col. 4-5
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THE WAR NEWS.

An official despatch received at the War Office yesterday morning [July 18, 1864] announces that the Confederate forces that appeared in front of Washington on last Tuesday [July 12, 1864], re-crossed the Potomac on Thursday the 14th instant [July 14, 1864], bringing off everything safely and in good order.  The despatch also states that our loss, during the expedition, was slight.

THE BATTLE AT MONOCACY—ROUT OF THE ENEMY.

Brigadier-General C[lement]. A. Evans, Lieutenant E. C. Gordon, his aid-de-camp, and Captain E. L. Pearce of the Twenty-sixth Georgia regiment, wounded in the battle at the Monocacy bridge on the 9th [of July, 1864], reached this city last evening [July 18, 1864].  They are all severely, but, we are glad to say, not dangerously wounded.  General Evans has a flesh wound through the right arm, the ball also inflicting a superficial wound across the abdomen.  Captain Pearce has also a flesh wound through the right arm and side.  Lieutenant Gordon received a musket bullet through the right arm near the elbow, which grazed the bone.

From Captain Pearce, who commanded the Twenty-sixth Georgia in the fight, we received some particulars of the battle at Monocacy bridge.  The bridge is four miles from Frederick city [Maryland].  The river runs due north and south.  The railroad and national road cross the river at very nearly the same point.  As our troops advanced towards the river from Frederick it became apparent that some forces of the enemy, supposed at the time to be cavalry, were holding the east bank.  A couple of our batteries opened on them from the front, while our cavalry were ordered to go up the stream and cross above the bridge.  At the same time a considerable force of our infantry moved down the stream, and crossing south of the bridge, formed in a piece of woods on the high ground.  It was still believed that the enemy had nothing but cavalry on the ground, but our infantry being ordered forward, emerged into an open field and discovered the enemy’s infantry drawn up in line of battle along the railroad at the farther end of the field.  The railroad being several feet lower than the field, the enemy had all the advantages of an intrenched position.  Evans’ brigade charged across this field under a heavy fire of musketry.  When within fifty yards of the enemy’s position another body of the enemy emerged from the woods on our right and attacked the brigade in flank and rendered its position critical, but other of our forces coming up the enemy’s flank movement was countered.  A simultaneous charge was then made by our whole line, when the enemy broke and fled, leaving between a thousand and twelve hundred dead and wounded and seven hundred prisoners in our hands.  The enemy left the railroad and National pike and fled north in the direction of Gettysburg.

In this action, which lasted about two hours from the time of firing the first shot, we lost in killed and wounded between five and six hundred men and some valuable officers.  Most of our casualties occurred during the flank attack of the enemy.—The following named officers were killed in this action:  Colonel Lamar and Lieutenant-Colonel Van Volkenburg, both of the Sixty-first Georgia; Major Hambrey, of the Twelfth Georgia battalion; and Captain Lowther, of the Twenty-Sixth Georgia.

Our forces did not follow the enemy, but proceeded directly towards Washington and Baltimore, making rapid marches, but collecting cattle and horses along the route.  It is not believed to be expedient at this time to speak with particularity of our operations before Baltimore and Washington.

On Tuesday night our forces, which had been much scattered driving in cattle, having been got together, we began our retrograde movement toward Virginia.  This was the most quiet and leisurely march of the expedition.  Our troops moved slowly, driving the cattle and horses in front.  The enemy’s cavalry followed in our track, but at a very safe distance behind.  If any of our men were picked up by the enemy it was because, in violation of orders, they had wandered off from the main column in search of plunder.

This day morning our infantry, baggage and spoils got safely over the river; our cavalry, which had been covering the retreat, were still at Poolesville, Maryland, Thursday morning, when the enemy attacked them; a sharp fight ensued; our cavalry routed the enemy and chased them six miles towards Washington.

Our army brought south of the Potomac five thousand horses and twenty five hundred splendid beef cattle; besides, our cavalry and artillery are all supplied with new and valuable horses.  Our men are all in great spirits, and charmed with the success of their expedition.  They represent the time they spent in Maryland as “glorious.”

The only regret connected with the expedition is the necessity we were under of leaving at Monocacy bridge such of our wounded as could not sit on their horses.

RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG.

Nothing of interest occurred on the lines before Richmond or Petersburg yesterday [July 18, 1864].  Even the ‘big smoke” that on the previous day [July 17, 1864] was visible in the direction of Bermuda Hundred had disappeared.  We heard no more of the rumour that Grant had been killed on Saturday [July 16, 1864], and it was generally regarded as “picket talk,” though the fact that the flags of the Yankee shipping in James river were at half mast indicated that some person of consequence had either died or been killed.

FROM GEORGIA.

The only thing of interest from our army in Georgia was the announcement that General Joseph E. Johnston had been relieved of his command, and that the position thus made vacant had been tendered to General J. B. Hood.  General Johnston has certainly been relieved; it is not known positively whether General Hood will accept the command.  General Bragg’s partisans in this city are overjoyed by this news.  We saw no one else who did not regard the change as a great national calamity.

_______________

New wheat is selling in Greene county, Alabama, at five dollars per bushel.1

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18640719RichmondExaminerP1C1WarNews

Sources/Notes:

  1. “The War News.” Richmond Examiner. July 19, 1864, p. 1 col. 1
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SOPO Editor’s Note: As the country realized Petersburg, Virginia would be the scene of prolonged fighting, newspapers scrambled to acquaint readers with the city and its surroundings.  The Inquirer even published a map of Petersburg on June 18, 1864, incorrectly showing its capture.

Sketch of Petersburg.

     The last GAZETTEER1 account of this city says:—Petersburg, which is an exceedingly handsome and flourishing port town, as well as port of entry, of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, is situated on the right or south bank of the Appomattox River, at the crossing of the great Southern Railroad, at a distance of twenty-two miles south of Richmond, and ten miles from James River, at City Point, in latitude 87 14 north, longitude 77 20 west.  In respect of population and commercial advantages, with facilities for a rapidly increasing business, it ranks as the third town in Virginia.

The town displays much architectural taste in the manner in which it is built, and also possessed several important public buildings.  It contains numerous churches, in which several denominations are represented, vis:—two of the Methodist, two of the Episcopalian, two of the Presbyterian, one of the Baptist, and one of the Catholic, besides other places of worship, principally for colored people.

With these it has a number of cotton factories, three banks, two ropewalks, one woolen factory, one iron furnace and mills for almost every purpose of trade.  It has also educational establishments, and, before the capture of the place, published three newspapers.  The borough limits extend as far as the decayed village of Blandford, in Prince Georges county, which is stated to have been superior in many respects to Petersburg, which has quickly grown up, as it were, alongside of it.

Among the exceedingly interesting and pleasing picturesque ruins scattered over Virginia, the remains of Blandford’s once imposing church attract the attention of the traveler.  A destructive conflagration occurred here in 1815, by which a vast deal of property, including four hundred houses, was consumed.

There is unlimited water power about Petersburg, as the ascent of the tide, becoming arrested by the falls directly above the town, affords extensive supply.  Some enterprise has also been manifested by the construction of a canal around the falls, by which boats of a light draught can ascend the river for a distance of nearly one hundred miles.

The town can be approached by vessels of one hundred tons ascending the river, while those of a larger size are obliged to discharge at Waltham’s Landing, about six miles below, where the South Side Railroad has its eastern terminus, connected by the Appomattox Railroad with the mouth of the river and City Point, where vessels of large size are chiefly discharged.  Some idea may be formed of its trade and industrial resources from the fact that from ten thousand to fifteen thousand hogsheads of tobacco are exported annually.2

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18640620PhiladelphiaInquirerP8C1to2SketchOfPetersburg

Sources/Notes:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: I am no expert on antebellum gazetteers.  If you know which gazetteer the Inquirer is referring to here, please Contact me.
  2. “Sketch of Petersburg.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), June 20, 1864, p. 8, col. 1-2
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SOPO Editor’s Note: Captain Henry F. Young of the 7th Wisconsin wrote twenty letters while at the Siege of Petersburg from June to December 1864. Researcher Roy Gustrowsky transcribed this letter from the original at the Wisconsin Historical Society in Madison, Wisconsin.  He is currently in the process of writing a regimental history of the 7th Wisconsin. “Delia” was Henry F. Young’s wife, and “Father” was his Father-in-Law Jared Warner, a prominent businessman of Grant County, Wisconsin. Gustrowsky has magnanimously made these transcriptions available to the Siege of Petersburg Online for publication, and we thank him for his generosity.

UPDATE: I recently learned that a new book has been published by the University of Wisconsin Press, entitled Dear Delia: The Civil War Letters of Captain Henry F. Young, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry, and edited by Micheal Larson and John David Smith. If you want to read all of Henry’s letters throughout the war, purchase the book!

Camp 7th Wis[consin] Vet[eran] Vol[unteer]s
Near Weldon R Road Va
Oct 21 1864

Dear Father

It appears you have changed your Religion or Tactics I cant Say which it Should be called for instead of doing as you would be done by, you get me to write all the letters you can, and on your part write as few as you can. I am willing to admit your letters are interesting but Ill be cused if they keep good Three weeks in this climate. In your last you just noted in pencil that you had received one from me and After that I sent you another containing a draft for $200 which I am anxious to hear from; and for the neglect of answering which I would like a pull at that old Patriarchal beard.

Ah by the way Bill Trembly was here the other day to see me he is Capt in a NY Regt he requested me to remember him to you & tell you he was Sound for Lincoln & Johnson.1 And further to Say to you that he had a Turn of the Measles that Stuck to him much longer than that dose of Religion did that he caught in the Pocket. Bill made me quite a visit he is greatly improved and after we had drank to Lincoln & Johnson & the cause in general About twice round, he was very Sociable; the fact is I have come to the conclusion that the great equalizer in the Army is forty rod Lightning comesary Whiskey. I have seen it Genls down as low as Privates could get. And I have Seen it elevate the lowest till they felt as big as the President.

Well Sherradin has had another Peace Meeting in the Valley-in which as usual he used Solid Sharp and overwhelmingly convincing arguments, bully for Sherradin. I recollect last Spring, at Culpeper of hearing that Some person had asked Grant who Sherridin was; Grant answered Sherradin is a Thunderbolt, his fighting Shows Grant understood his Man.2

I Suppose we are getting the Strongest Works here on both Sides that the world ever Seen. We have Works so Strong and Intricate that we can leave them take care of themselves thisSavesrations. Well at all events we have nothing in Some of them but Artillery & picket line and yet Lee might buck his entire Army against them, and he would fail every time.

Our Morter firing at night is the grandest Sight ever witnessed. I have Seen as much as 100 Morter Shells in the air at one time. It is a grand & interesting sight. Our Picketts and the Rebs are working on each other all the time, they dig down about four ft deep 8 ft wide that throws up quite an embankment next the enemy; when either of the parties get to(o) close, the other Side will take fifteen or twenty of these little four inch Morters place them in their Pickett pits then will commence one of the Most interesting fights ever seen, they throw them up and after the range is Secured they drop them in the Pits every time then there is nothing left for the poor Devils that’s attacked but to run back to their own pits which are all Bombproof. The boys are all well.

Hurrah for Old Abe.

Yours Truly
H F Young3

***

Letters of Henry W. Young:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: After some searching I have been inable to turn up the captain Henry mentions here.  If you know who this soldier is, please Contact me.
  2. SOPO Editor’s Note: Young is almost certainly referring to Sheridan snatching victory from the jaws of defeat at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864.
  3. Young, Henry F. “Camp 7th Wis Vet Vols.” Received by Dear Father, Near Weldon R Road Va, 21 October 1864, Petersburg, VA.
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FROM THE [PETERSBURG] FRONT.

Up to a late hour yesterday evening [June 13, 1864], all was quiet along our lines in Chesterfield [on the Bermuda Hundred front]. The Yankees over there are all the time in motion doing something, but what this something is, cannot be definitely ascertained. The work on the Observatory is progressing, but from the proportions which the structure has assumed, we presume the job cannot be far from completion.1

The enemy made a sudden dash with a body of cavalry on the City Point Road, near Jordan’s farm, yesterday [June 13, 1864] afternoon, and captured two of our pickets. Graham’s Battery [Graham’s Petersburg VA Artillery], which was in position, opened upon the invading horsemen with vigor, emptying a few saddles, and causing a stampede, which proved that however much the vandals fancy Southern bacon and other provisions, they have no particular relish for Confederate shot and shell. Two of the rascals tumbled off their horses from sheer fright, and were captured. It was at first thought that they were wounded, but an examination revealed no broken limbs, lacerations nor contusions.2

It is thought by some that the demonstration yesterday [June 13, 1864] afternoon, was made for the purpose of preparing the way for a more formidable movement to day or to morrow.3 Be this as it may, our troops will be found ready for the vandals, at any hour, at all places, and for any force they may think proper to send.4

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Source:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: I am guessing here, but the reference to the “Observatory” probably refers to one of Butler’s signal towers, which he built all over the Bermuda Hundred front and elsewhere. Based on the “Local Matters” article in this same day’s paper, it appears they are referring to the Cobb’s Hill Tower Signal Station.
  2. SOPO Editor’s Note: This “Skirmish on City Point Road near Jordan’s Farm,” as I’m styling it, is not listed among the “official” fights in the Official Records, Vol. XL, Pt. 1. It pitted Graham’s Petersburg VA Artillery and presumably some Confederate Cavalry versus unknown Union cavalry.  If you have more information on this little fight, please Contact Us.
  3. SOPO Editor’s Note: Those of you familiar with the Petersburg Campaign know these are prophetic words. Baldy Smith’s Eighteenth Corps would advance “tomorrow,” June 15, 1864, and Union forces would be near Petersburg until its capture nine and a half months later.
  4. “From the Front.” The Daily Express (Petersburg, VA). June 14, 1864, p. 2 col. 3
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CITY INTELLIGENCE.

[SOPO Editor’s Note: Portions of this article not pertaining to the Siege of Petersburg were not transcribed here.]

IN THE CASTLE AGAIN—J. H. Head, livery man, is in Castle Thunder again, upon the old charge, that of engaging to put parties outside of the “rebellion” by putting them inside of the Yankee lines. It is now charged that he obtained fifteen hundred dollars from a female with that promise, and thereupon failed to fulfill his contract. Hence his exposure and arrest. He had an examination before Commissioner [S?]ands on Saturday [July 16, 1864] at 11 o’clock A. M., and stands committed.

—–

GRANT SHELLED OUT.—A rumour was passing current in Richmond on Saturday evening and yesterday [June 16 and 17, 1864], said to have been hatched by a deserter, to the effect that “Useless” Grant had been killed by the explosion of one of his own shells.  We hope the rumour is unfounded; ‘Useless” Grant is too valuable a man to be lent to the Confederacy at this juncture.  The Devil knows when to claim his own.

—–

WOODS ON FIRE—All day yesterday [July 17, 1864] great volumes of smoke continued to rise above the Southern horizon, in the direction of Petersburg, betokening a conflagration. During the afternoon it was ascertained that the smoke proceeded from the burning of the undergrowth of the woods in the vicinity of Chester. The extent of the conflagration was not known, nor the amount of damage done or threatened, but the area of the fire, as indicated by the smoke, seemed to be several miles in extent.

—–

SENT SOUTH—On Saturday [July 16, 1864] six hundred Yankee prisoners, including twenty four commissioned officers, were forwarded Southward from the Libby prison.1

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Sources/Notes:

  1. “City Intelligence.” Richmond Examiner. July 18, 1864, p. 1 col. 3
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FURTHER BY ASSOCIATED PRESS.

The Attack on Petersburg—Shells Thrown into the City.

HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, June 18, 8 A. M.—The attack, made yesterday morning [June 17, 1864], on the enemy’s lines by [Ninth Corps commander] General [Ambrose] BURNSIDE, was more successful than at first reported.  He drove them from two lines of rifle-pits, with heavy losses, taking four guns and four hundred prisoners, and holding the position.  During the afternoon he again pushed the enemy still further, getting within about a mile and a half of the city and taking some more prisoners.  Shells were thrown into the town, one of which struck a church.

A prisoner taken yesterday [June 17, 1864] reports that thirty-five thousand of [Robert E.] LEE’S men were to have arrived on the field that morning, and trains were running almost hourly from Richmond, bringing troops close to Petersburg landing them and hurrying back.

Many of the men brought in are from Tennessee, this being their first fight in this quarter.  They acknowledge having been completely surprised yesterday morning, and say the Army of the Potomac fights different from the Army of the West.  At the same time they say we cannot take either Petersburg or Richmond.

They had not been accustomed to throwing up breastworks at every change of the line, and were busy at this work when ordered to surrender.

Our success here was most complete, and without very heavy loss.  The fighting on the remainder of the line during the day was rather of a desultory nature and very little change took place in the positions of either party.  Late in the evening our left was still further advanced, and fighting continued nearly all night.

Colonel [Simon] MIX [of the 3rd New York Cavalry, commanding 1/Cav/AotJ], of New York, is reported killed [on June 15, 1864]; also, Colonel [Patrick] KELLY [of the 88th New York], commanding Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps [2/1/II/AotP] [killed on June 16, 1864]; Lieutenant-Colonel [William H.] BAIRD, [commanding the] One-hundred-and-twenty-sixth New York; Captain [Bernard] S. O’NEIL, sixty-ninth New York [June 16, 1864]; Adjutant [Miles] MCDONALD, Sixty-third New York [wounded June 16 and died June 17, 1864], and Adjutant HEISH1, Ninety-ninth Pennsylvania, all killed.  Lieutenant-Colonel [James E.] MCGEE, [commanding the] Sixty-ninth New York, wounded in the face; Colonel [James A.] BEAVER [of the 148th Pennsylvania], commanding Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Corps [4/1/II/AotP], wounded in the hip [on June 16, 1864], and Colonel [Levin] CRANDELL, [commanding the] One-hundred-and-twenty-fifth New York, in the face; Colonel [John] RAMSEY [of the 8th New Jersey], [commanding the] Fourth Brigade, [Second Division], Second Corps [4/2/II/AotP], hand shattered [June 16, 1864]; Major [William] BUTLER, [commanding the] Sixty-ninth New York State Militia [aka 182nd NY], thigh fractured [June 16, 1864]; Major [Edwin L.] BLAKE, Eighth New York [Heavy] Artillery, wounded in the head [June 17, 1864, died of those wounds June 19, 1864].

This morning [June 18, 1864] considerable firing is going on, but nothing definite has been learned in regard to it.

The Fifth Corps came up last night, and reinforced our left.

Reports were current yesterday that General BUTLER had advanced to the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, and was engaged in destroying the track, when LEE surprised him and drove him back to his intrenchments with heavy loss [June 17, 1864].2  Nothing official has been received at head-quarters in regard to the matter.  Troops were sent to his support yesterday afternoon.  Firing at intervals has been heard in that direction.3

SOPO Editor’s Note: This article was transcribed by Jackie Martin.

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18640620PhiladelphiaInquirerP8C1FurtherByAP

Sources/Notes:

  1. SOPO Editor’s Note: I cannot find the identity of this man.  If you know who he is, please Contact me.
  2. SOPO Editor’s Note: This is the small skirmish on the Bermuda Hundred Front of June 17, 1864.  Butler’s Union Army of the James had taken the Confederate Howlett Line on Bermuda Hundred on June 16, 1864, after Beauregard had removed the troops defending it.  Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia arrived the next day, charged spontaneously, and took back the Howlett line in this skirmish.
  3. “Further by Associated Press.” The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), June 20, 1864, p. 8, col. 1
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